미라클 모닝 테스트 day_12

Providing feedback to students is a critical task of teachers. General psychology has shown that knowledge of results is necessary for improving a skill. Advanced musicians are able to self-critique their performances, but developing music students ① rely on teachers to supply evaluative feedback. The most constructive feedback is that ② which expresses the discrepancies between a student’s performance of a piece of music and an optimal version. Expert teachers give more detailed feedback than general appraisals, and music educators generally recognize that more specific teacher feedback facilitates student performance improvement. Researchers also have explored ③ whether the feedback of effective teachers is more often positively or negatively expressed, that is, constituting praise or criticism. One might intuitively think that positive comments are more ④ motivated to students and, as a result, are more associated with effective teaching. The research, however, paints a slightly different picture. Although positive feedback is ⑤ likely more helpful with younger learners and in one-on-one instruction, more advanced music students seem to accept and benefit from greater levels of criticism in lessons.